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Kidney failure & transplant assessment

When kidney function falls far enough to need dialysis or a transplant, the decision is about timing as much as technique.

Overview

What it is

Chronic kidney disease is usually silent until it is advanced. Most people are picked up on a blood test rather than through symptoms, which is why a falling eGFR deserves a conversation long before dialysis becomes urgent.

A transplant is not a last resort. Where it is possible, transplantation offers better long-term survival and quality of life than staying on dialysis, and the results are best when it happens before dialysis has been running for years.

Symptoms you may notice

  • Tiredness that does not improve with rest
  • Swelling of the ankles, hands or face
  • Passing less urine, or getting up repeatedly at night
  • Nausea, poor appetite and a metallic taste
  • Itching, cramps and restless legs
  • Breathlessness on mild exertion
  • High blood pressure that is hard to control

Get seen promptly if

  • A creatinine that is rising month on month
  • eGFR below 20 without a transplant plan in place
  • Fluid overload with breathlessness lying flat

How it is assessed

  • Blood tests — creatinine, eGFR, electrolytes, haemoglobin
  • Urine protein quantification
  • Ultrasound of the kidneys and bladder
  • Immunological workup: blood group, tissue typing, cross-match
  • Cardiac and infection screening for transplant fitness
  • Donor evaluation, where a living donor is available
Treatment

What the options actually involve

Living donor transplantationThe best long-term option where a suitable donor exists, including blood group–incompatible and swap arrangements.
Deceased donor transplantationRegistration, workup and surgery when a matched organ becomes available.
Repeat transplantationSecond and third transplants after a previous graft has failed.
Dialysis accessWhere transplantation is not immediately possible, planning safe long-term access.

Have a scan or report about this already?

Send it before your appointment. The consultation then starts from your findings rather than from scratch.

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